label replace by copyright elsevier b v elsevier bv elsevier science elsevier science bv elsevier science inc inc john wiley & sons ltd wiley periodical acad managementacad management seattle hihonolulu supply chain forecast answer today commentary academy annual meeting annual conference art bandura battery behalf big book bottom boy brand breach california californiasan diego calos angeles canadatoronto canadavancouver chapter childhood canada management aug soc ind & org psycholsoc ind & org psychol st louis 12th annual meeting 15th annual meeting 16th annual meeting 18th annual conference 19th annual conference 64th annual meeting absorption academy managmeentacad managmeent new orleans acad managementacad management seattle acad managementacad management vancouver acad managementacad management washington acs additional analysis missouri casan francisco ilchicago soc ind & org psycholsoc ind & org psychol san francisco 19th annual conference organizational psychology may society hypothesized model lanew orleans mbo depth nohing john wiley ways writer philosophy paradox reply locke txdallas total n rho foci purchase seller buyer elsevier science ltd business strategy founder share lot asset moment head everyone anyone stock channel elsevier ltd thing eye management63rd annual meeting cor initial evidence unique variance variance unique contribution variance explained strong relationship vol mean age second sample significant variance variance explained additional variance variance explained organizational psychology11th annual conference organizational psychology apr may industrial motowidlo florlando 18th annual conference organizational form soc ind & org psycholsoc ind & org psychol orlando organizational psychology apr organizational psychology12th annual meeting organizational psychology15th annual meeting organizational psychology16th annual meeting organizational psychology17th annual conference organizational psychology18th annual conference organizational psychology19th annual conference acad managementacad management new orleans management63rd annual meeting management64th annual meeting managementannual meeting more influence mathematical model mean correlation correlation mediation model mediation mediated relationship mediation mediating role mediation allocation analyst applied psychology average level baseline calibration channel classroom commonality color cfa Factor Analysis conventional wisdom correlates correlation correlational analysis correlation cross sectional data cross sectional cross sectional design cross sectional cross sectional study cross sectional cross sectional survey cross sectional current article curvilinear relationship deal delivery design methodology approach differential impact differential prediction criterion validity differential prediction criterion validity differential relationship criterion validity dimensional structure Factor Analysis discriminant analysis Discriminant validity organizational scholar organizational science organizational socialization tactic newcomer socialization perceived organizational support organizational support aggregation citizenship OCB citizenship performance OCB citizenship performance OCB ocbs OCB ocb o OCBO ocbo OCBO organizational citizenship behavior OCB organizational citizenship behaviors OCB organizational citizenship behaviours OCB organizational identification organizational identity organizational literature p o PO Fit p o fit PO Fit person organization PO Fit person organization fit PO Fit cse core self evaluation core self evaulation core self evaluation cwb counterproductive work behavior counterproductive work counterproductive work behavior organizational deviance counterproductive work behavior meta analytic result meta analysis meta meta analysis meta analytic examination meta analysis meta analytic finding meta analysis meta analytic result meta analysis meta analytic review meta analysis meta analytic test meta analysis comprehensive meta analysis meta analysis previous meta analysis meta analysis quantitative review meta analysis meta analytic investigation meta analysis employees performance job performance individual job performance job performance employees performance job performance extra role extra role performance extra role behavior extra role performance family domain family work conflict human performance job performance financial performance overall performance overall job performance performance appraisal research performance appraisal performance criterium criterion performance evaluations performance appraisal performance ratings performance rating worker performance job performance business organization industrial organizational psychology organizational behaviour employee supervisor dyad dyad fiedler findings highlight further analysis general mental ability general cognitive ability goal setting process goal setting greater level guideline half halo error halo hierarchical linear HLM hierarchical linear model HLM hierarchical regression HLM HLM hierarchical regression analysis HLM holland hypothesized relationship illinois illinoischicago implications incremental variance variance explained individual employee employee individual member intercorrelation correlation key element laboratory experiment lab study laboratory setting lab study laboratory study lab study lawler lmx quality lmx leadership literature leadership research lens letter limitations implication limited support little effect little empirical research little evidence longitudinal design longitudinal longitudinal data longitudinal longitudinal analysis longitudinal longitudinal field study longitudinal longitudinal investigation longitudinal longitudinal research longitudinal wave longitudinal study longitudinal year longitudinal study longitudinal time lag longitudinal lot louisiana louisiananew orleans low performer low performance management scholar missourist louis moderate level moderated mediation analysis moderated mediation moderated mediation model moderated mediation moderated regression analysis moderated mediation moderated mediation model moderated mediation negative relation negative relationship new model nonlinearity nonlinear relationship older employee older worker operational definition overlap parallel partial correlation correlation personality factor personality dimension personality characteristic personality dimension personality trait personality dimension personality variable personality dimension personality assessment personality measure personality inventory personality measure personality scale personality measure personality construct personality dimension plan plant platform politic political skill political behavior political skill positive influence positive relation possible explanation possible reason potential explanation potential moderator potential outcome potential problem potential role potential value practical importance principal probability proposed model psychological psychological contract violation psychological contract psychological contract breach psychological contract psychological mechanism psychological research psychological well psychological health publication rationality reanalysis recall regression result regression beta relate relative contribution criterion validity relative influence criterion validity self determination self determination theory self appraisal self report self rating self report self report data self report self report measure self report shareholder similar result small number soc ind & org psycholsoc ind & org psychol chicago soc ind & org psycholsoc ind & org psychol dallas soc ind & org psycholsoc ind & org psychol new orlean soc ind & org psycholsoc ind & org psychol san diego soc ind & org psycholsoc ind & org psychol toronto social cognition social cognitive theory social exchange perspective social exchange theory social exchange relationship social exchange theory social identity perspective social identity theory social psychology social relation social relationship social science sociologist sociology special attention special issue strong relationship stronger relationship structural equation analysis SEM structural equation model SEM structural equation modeling SEM structural equation modelling SEM structural equation SEM study result supply supplier table tfl theoretical theoretical basis theoretical contribution total sample total sample size transformational leader transformational leadership translation trial trouble underlying mechanism useful tool validation research validity validation study validity validity coefficient validity validity study validity vol waseattle world whistle whistle blower proactive behaviour proactivity employee voice voice voice behavior voice obm organizational behavior management mnc first experiment graph sjts situational judgement test sjt situational judgement test sons pre move market business transaction 432x academic achievement academic performance academic research cycle actor story alpha artifact assessment center rating assessment center attenuation bar biase bias biodatum biodata biographical data biodata coefficient cohesiveness cohesion college college student comparative group comparative study competition competitive advantage competitiveness competitor conservation considerable attention consumer contingent contingent reward economy continuance continuance commitment control condition convergent convergent validity conversation coping strategy coping core self evaluations core self evaluation core self evaulations core self evaluation corporation correction correspondence counterproductive behavior counterproductive work behavior deviance counterproductive work behavior crucial role cue cross cultural study cultural difference current paper current state current theory data set dcwashington decision making process decision process demographic demographic characteristic direct relationship direct effect discuss science quarter spite word nothing distribution start ease economic economist economy effective leader effective leadership effective use embeddedness emotional regulation emotional labor emotional stability neuroticism empirical analysis empirical data empirical literature employee citizenship OCB multinational company employee involvement employee engagement further support employees perception employee attitude employees reaction employee attitude employees attitude employee attitude employment setting enactment encounter engineering deficit trade night enterprise entrepreneur enterpreneurship environmental uncertainty envrionmental factor equation equipment week period overall job satisfaction job satisfaction essay essence estimate estimation etc item magnitude significant correlation death generosity vision mind evolution public freedom survival expense execution expectancy expectancy theory expectancy model expectancy theory experimental group experimental investigation experimental setting explanatory mechanism extroversion extraversion family member family work conflict favorability distinguishing particular attention ffm Five Factor Model first phase first step first time first year format frienship friend full time full time employee further study further support future work general model generality gma general cognitive ability goal level goal difficulty good goodness gpa grade grade point average grade greater attention greater extent grouping little support high school high school student higher correlation higher validity validity honesty honesty humility host hrm practice HRM human resource practice HRM human human behavior theory building hunter schmidt hypotheses finding idea generation employee creativity individual creativity employee creativity important issue important source impression impression management ingratiation impression management independent effect independent study indirect effect indirect relationship individual attitude employee attitude individual attribute employee attribute individual behavior employee behavior individual decision employee decision individual factor individual perception employee perception inference initial validation initiation innovative behavior innovative performance innovativeness innovative performance inset instruction integrated model integrated framework integrative theory integrated framework interactive effect interaction interactive relationship interaction item item measure jackson job characteristics model job characteristic job performance criterium job performance job search behavior job search joint effect interaction key key issue judge judgement justice perception justice labor labor market large sample leader performance leadership behavior less attention less time lisrel list literature review lmx quality lmx louisiananew orlean lower performance low performance magnitude major finding main objective management research many company many manager many organization many person many year market marketing material matrix mean level mean performance mediated effect mediation mediating effect mediation mediating mechanism mediation mentoring mentor merger min minimum mission minute mindset mix moderate moderated mediation model moderation moderated relationship moderation moderating effect moderation moderating influence moderation moderating role moderation moderation effect moderation moderation analysis moderation moderator effect moderation moderators moderation more information more time more variance movement name myth nation negative association negative consequence new approach new hire new employee new idea employee creativity new measure new method new product new research new technology new way note nothing novel novelty nynew york object objective measure objective performance onset organizational behavior research organizational development organization level organizational hierarchy organizational newcomer newcomer socialization organizational phenomena organizational socialization newcomer socialization organizational tenure tenure originality outline overall evaluation overall job performance overall result overall job performance overall rating overall job performance overview parameter part time part time employee particular attention past study pathway paucity peer evaluation peer rating percentage performance appraisal process performance appraisal performance appraisal system performance appraisal performance contingent reward incentive performance measurement performance measure perpetrator person group person team fit person team person team fit person job person job fit personnel psychology phase piece piece rate pilot study poor performer poor performance pos positive association positive affectivity positive emotion practical pre predictive power criterion validity distinct type primary study present experiment experiment prevention focus prevention principle prior work priori procedure processing product profitability profit project quarter random sample range restriction rater source rating source ratio receipt recent development reciprocal relationship reciprocity rating scale rating regulatory focus regulatory focus theory relative effect reluctance representation request research evidence research method research project research study restriction results highlight revision return rise ryan same job same way sample size scale science second experiment experiment separate sample session sex difference sex effect sex effect sex effect side sign significant improvement significant change significant correlation significant interaction significant main effect significant moderator significant portion singapore sjt situational judgement test sjts situational judgement test social cognition theory social cognitive theory social exchange social exchange theory social identification social identity solution someone something sons sort stage model standard standard deviation start statement statistic statistical artifact statistical significance step stimulus store story psychological strain strain physiological strain strain strong predictor criterion validity study finding study participant subject subjects design subsample subsidiary supervisors rating supervisory rating surface survey response survey study survey data survey study survival tacit tacit knowledge technological change technological innovation text theoretical foundation theory building time point top top management top management team toward trade trade off transaction transformation transition trustworthiness trust undergraduate undergraduate student uniqueness user valid predictor criterion validity validity generalization validity validity evidence validity validation validity viewpoint wave way interaction interaction well employee health withdrawal withdrawal behavior word work life work life balance work satisfaction job satisfaction work unit work team workgroup work team worker productivity employee productivity year study young person young worker workplace bullying workplace deviance mental health psychological health cadet military sample army military sample navy military sample US army military sample work characteristic job characteristic work demand job demand employees attitude employee attitude work attitude job attitude methodological issue ac rating assessment center academic literature accumulation accuracy additional research advertising aftermath alcohol consumption alcohol alternative explanation architecture arrangement associations attitudinal outcome attitudes authentic leader authentic leadership average balance baseline level beginning brain breadth brdige brief review buffering effect buffer bundle caas capital capture career adapt abilities scale career adaptability career aspiration career planning career self management career planning causal inference cdmp chinese company chinese chinese employee chinese chinese organization chinese chinese sample chinese citizenship behaviour OCB closure coding cognitive ability test cognitive ability cognitive test cognitive ability collection comment common method bias common method common method variance common method common practice comparative analysis composite comprehensive model conduct confidence confirmatory factor analysis Factor Analysis conscientious individual conscientious employee considerable amount consistent support constructive replication contextual condition context contextual variable context control group experiment convergence convergent validity corporate social responsibility covariance cross level interaction cross level cross level investigation cross level cross level model cross level cross sectional nature cross sectional crossover crown copyright copyright current finding current knowledge current literature current meta analysis meta analysis customer service behavior customer service cwbs counterproductive work behaviors dialy diary study deeper understanding degree feedback 360 degree feedback deleterious effect demographic variable deviant behavior counterproductive work behaviors device diagnosis dilemma direct report direct supervisor discourse discovery discretionary behavior OCB diverse set door dynamic model dynamic nature dynamic process dynamic relationship dynamics earlier study ebay economic exchange editor eds education level education education attainment education elsevier masson sas empirical attention empirical work autonomous motivation Intrinsic motivation controlled motivation Extrinsic motivation employees motivation motivation intrinsic work motivation Intrinsic motivation employee personality personality employee proactivity proactivity employee voice behavior voice employee response employee reaction silence employee silence employee turnover intentions turnover employees belief employee beliefs employees satisfaction employee satisfaction evening expatriate adjustment expatriate exploratory experience sampling method diary study experience sampling study diary study experimental condition experiment experimental manipulation experiment exploratory analysis exploratory factor analysis Factor Analysis exploratory study extant research extrinsic motivation motivation factor model Factor Analysis factor structure Factor Analysis factorial design Factor Analysis faculty faculty member family firm family family work conflict family interference family work conflict family life family work conflict family role family work conflict fwc family work conflict feedback condition ffm trait five factor model fidelity field sample field study field survey field study first evidence focus group followers subordinate follower outcome subordinate performance following formulation framing france fsop further investigation future investigation future research effort future theory general intelligent general cognitive ability intelligence general cognitive ability general support globe goal pursuit goal striving good citizen good soldier great deal greater effect greater impact group level hbr reprint health care healthcare heterogeneous sample hierarchical linear modeling HLM hierarchical multiple regression HLM high high degree high quality lmx high lmx high quality lmx relationship high lmx high quality relationship lmx high score high performer high work performance high performance high work performance hinderance stressor hinderance hobfoll hinderance hiring hire hpws high performance work systems hr practitioner hr manager hr professional hr manager human resource manager hr manager human resource practitioner hr manager icb OCBI iii idiosyncratic deal i deal immediate supervisor supervisor implicit measure important antecedent antecedent important aspect important component incremental predictive validity independent sample indirect range restriction individual level performance job performance individual task performance job performance job performance dimension job performance job behavior job performance information sharing information exchange information system information technology initial level instrument integrating integrative framework interface interactionist approach interactionist perspective international business study international assignee expatriote international assignment expatriote interpersonal conflict interpersonal deviance interpersonal injustice interpersonal justice interrelation intervention package intervention phase inventory inverted u investment sdt self determination theory job search self efficacy job search job stressor job stress job tension job stress key component key mechanism key question lab experiment large number large organization larger effect larger number last decade leader follower dyad dyad leader member exchange lmx leader development leadership development leadeship role occupancy leadership role length lesser extent lesson leverage lgo learning goal orientation little work lmx relationship lmx longitudinal field experiment longitudinal longitudinal relationship longitudinal longitudinal research design longitudinal longitudinal sample longitudinal lower job satisfaction job satisfaction ambivalence loyalty program price asymmetry donor equilibrium organizational routine macro level main goal mainland china major theme management journal micro micro level meta analytic comparison meta analysis meta analytic data meta analysis meta analytic path analysis meta analysis methodological challenge methods methodological issue methods metum microfoundation million prospect proposal coordination framing elaboration mode model fit SEM moderated effect moderation moderating roles moderation moderator analysis moderation momentum monte carlo simulation more detail more money money more research most research most study motivating potential motivating motivational process motivating motivational state motivating much reseach multi level analysis cross level multi level study cross level multi source data multi source multidimensional measurement multifoci approach multilevel approach multilevel data multilevel examination multilevel framework multilevel investigation multilevel model multilevel study multinational corporation multiple baseline design multiple dimension multiple foci multiple level multiple regression analysis multiple source multisource multisource field study multisource study narrative review necessity negative affective state negative affectivity negative indirect effect negative correlation correlation neo pi r neo network ty network new direction new product development new type new york newcomers adjustment newcomer adjustment next non work obse organizationally based self esteem offering omission online questionnaire survey online survey survey operational validity operationalization opposite effect organizational researcher organizational study others rating ratings panel data panel panel study panel partial mediation mediation partial mediator mediation path analysis SEM percent performance difference performance change performance approach goal performance goal performance improvement performance change person environment person environment fit performance variable overall job performance personality research personality test personality personality traits personality pitfall polynomial regression polynomial regression analysis positive positive feedback loop positive feedback positive link positive main effect positive side post hoc analysis potential impact potential implication potential limitation potential mediator power distance orientation power distance practical application practical suggestion predictive validity criterion validity present finding present investigation present meta analysis meta analysis present paper present result presentation previous finding previous literature prior meta analysis meta analysis prosociality prosocial value protean provider pss psychological contract fulfilment psychological contract psychological contract fulfillment psychological contract psychological need satisfaction self determination theory psychometric property puzzle qualitative data qualitative quantitative data quantitative quantitative research quantitative questionnaire data survey random coefficient model random effects model reality real world recent call recent meta analysis meta analysis recent theoretical development recent work reciprocal effect reexamination refinement regulatory foci regulatory focus theory related concept related construct related validity recent work relative weight analysis reprint research agenda research finding research limitations implication research literature research model resources theory resource theory resources model resource theory resources perspective resource theory reversal reverse reviewer rlmx lmx roth safety safety performance safety compliance safety performance salesperson salespeople same pattern same source scale development scale item item scant attention scholarship score sdt self determination theory second second stage selection process selection procedure self regulation literature self regulation theory self regulatory process self regulation theory sem short significant association significant implication significant increase significant indirect effect mediator significant mediator mediator significant moderating effect moderator significant positive effect significant role similar level similar pattern site situational judgement tests situational judgement test situational judgement situational judgement test social identity approach social identity social information processing socail information processing theory social learning social learning theory south korean organization specific aspect specific form specific type sport strong positive effect strong predictor criterion validity strongest predictor criterion validity structural equation modeling SEM structural equation modelling SEM study support subdimension subgroup subgroup difference subscale subset substantial amount substitute superior superior performance supervisor subordinate dyad dyad supervisorsubordinate dyad dyad synthesis teamwork teams team setting teams theoretical base theory theoretical development theory theoretical extension theory theoretical integration theory theory development theory thesis third party tous droits reserf unique effect unique relationship unique sample version vendor us sample USA valid measure validity estimate validity valuable insight vast majority vancouver vice versa wfc wave study longitudinal wave longitudinal design longitudinal waba whistle whistle blower work motivation motivation youth young worker young adult young worker youth young worker exam performance academic performance objective work performance actual work performance actual performance proficiency core task performance proficiency individual task performance proficiency employee task performance proficiency role job performance proficiency group performance team performance high performance high performance work higher job performance high performance work higher performance high performance work better performance high performance work performance goal orientation performance orientation follower performance subordinate performance task performance rating job performance rating job performance rating job performance rating individuals performance overall job performance individual level performance overall job performance incivility workplace incivility relationship conflict interpersonal deviance family conflict work family conflict task conflict role conflict psychological aggression aggression workplace aggression aggression hostility aggression deviant behavior workplace deviance job autonomy autonomy low autonomy autonomy task autonomy autonomy group identification team identification group performance team performance group process team process main goal primary goal goal pursuit goal striving performance approach goal performance goal innovation process innovation innovative work behavior innovation issue selling voice employee voice behavior voice employee proactivity proactivity proactive work behavior proactivity research result critique critical review creative behavior creative performance mckenzie bos muldrow sdy statistical control 21st century access accommodation account accounting acculturation acquisition act action activity administrator advantage advent advice adviser advocate affair agency agency theory agenda agent algorithm alignment alliance alternative animal anomaly anything appeal approach area argument article aspect assess associate assumption atmosphere attempt attribute auction audience author backdrop bank branch bank base basic element basic principle backdrop background behavioral implication behavioral science behavioral theory benchmark benefit best person best practice best way better way birth block blood board boundary bridge burden business enterprise business environment business ethic business leader business model business result business school business success calculation call campaign capability capacity car card career path career choice caring case case study catalyst center central role centralization century challenge champion chance change change agent change effort character characteristic characterization charge chart chief executive CEO chief executive officer CEO choice circumstance citation claim client close relationship coach coaching coalition code command committee communication pattern communication community company compatibility compensation system compensation competitive environment complement complementarity complex complex organization complex problem complex system complexity comprehensive understanding compromise computational model concept conception conceptual model concept conception conceptual analysis concert conference configuration connection consensus constituency constraint contest contingency contingency theory continuation continuous feedback feedback contract contradition contributor control system conventional approach core core value corrective feedback feedback corruption cost counter courage course courage creation creative individual creative person creative problem creative problem solution creative thinking creativity credibility crisis critic critical component critical feedback feedback criticism crowd current model current problem current status curse curve customer customer loyalty customer need daily basis damage danger data envelopment analysis dataset davis dealing debate decade decentralization decision decision making decision quality decision strategy decision task decline defect defense defensiveness deficiency define definition degree degree assessment deliberate practice denial department dependence dependency depth interview designer desire detail developer development need development organization deviation devil dialogue difficult problem diffusion dilemmas directive director disability discipline disclosure discomfort disretion discussion disease dismissal distraction diverse group division doctor document dozen dream drive driver drug dynamic dynamic environment effective management effective method element emergence emphasis empirical examination empirical finding empirical investigation empirical study employee survey survey end energy enforcement england entire organization entirety entity entrepreneurship environment environmental factor equal number equity esteem ethic ethical behavior ethical issue everything evolutionary psychology example excellence excess executive executive coaching executive compensation expenditure experience experiential learning experimentation expert expertise explanatory power explanatory variable exploration exploratory investigation extensive research external environment external factor externalization extreme face facial expression facilitator facility fact factory failure faith fall family business fashion fate favor favour higher level addition association outcome research finding study data relation future research relationship support practical implication country company performance organizational performance organisational performance organizational performance system performance contextual performance dimension contextual performance contextual performance rating contextual performance criterion performance criterion current job performance job performance current performance job performance employee job performance job performance employee performance appraisal performance appraisal job performance data job performance job performance evaluation performance appraisal job performance measure performance measure job performance ratings job performance rating lower performance rating performance rating managerial job performance managerial performance average performance mean performance typical performance mean performance multisource performance rating multisource rating objective performance measure objective performance overall work performance overall job performance overall performance rating performance appraisal performance appraisal rating performance appraisal performance appraisals performance appraisal performance appraisals performance appraisal performance criterion criterion performance evaluation performance appraisal performance variation performance variability predicting job performance performance prediction prior performance previous performance satisfaction performance relationship job satisfaction job performance relationship subsequent job performance subsequent performance supervisory performance rating supervisory rating extrarole performance extra role performance subordinates performance subordinate performance high performance work system high performance work systems higher performance rating performance rating supervisory performance supervisor performance leadership performance supervisor performance performance appraisal practice school performance academic performance unit level performance team performance unit performance team performance work group performance team performance workplace performance job performance complex task performance task performance human task performance task performance performance improvement performance change negative performance feedback performance feedback performance appraisal effectiveness performance appraisal performance appraisal interview performance appraisal performance consequence performance outcome performance decrement performance change performance effect performance outcome performance gain performance change performance reward contingency performance contingency performance task task performance task proficiency task performance performance expectancy performance goal setting theory performance valence performance goal setting theory poorer performance poor performance successful performance performance outcome effective job performance performance outcome work performance job performance objective job performance performance outcome performance time performance outcome employees job performance job performance individual work performance job performance work role performance role performance staff performance subordinate performance creative thinking creative idea proactive behavior proactivity proactive proactivity proactive individual proactive personality adapting adaptation adaptive adaptive performance more OCB OCB OCB dimension OCB altruistic behavior altruism helper help more help help helping help little help help helpfulness help prosocial organizational behavior prosocial behavior job motivation motivation motivational mechanism motivation motivational variable motivation employee motivation motivation internal motivation intrinsic motivation motivational theory motivation theory motivational force motivation extreme ilgen performance effect analysis term article approach type factor year researcher use component evidence technique response issue question situation individual control chain act assignment father behavior null hypothesis small sample problems laboratory investigation experiment high task interdependence task interdependence interdependent task task interdependence choice task cognitive task complex task performance task complexity decision task decision making task human task performance task performance memory task cognitive task novel task new task first task multiple task primary task same task secondary task similar task simple task routine task task task performance task environment task context task type task characteristic task focus task engagement work task task performance challenging task task difficulty task mastery task motivation task characteristics task characteristic task significance Job Characteristics Model task scope Job Characteristics Model task identity Job Characteristics Model task variety Job Characteristics Model combination review promise composition organizational consequence internet background issue stronger predictor strongest support strong ty strongest effect stronger negative relationship strong support strong effect stronger positive effect stronger influence stronger effect strong positive relationship strongest relationship strong evidence strong interest inventory interest inventory weaker relationship conceptual analysis analysis analytic method analyze critical analysis lisrel analysis principle components analysis factor analysis meta analytic evidence regression analogy analytic strategy similar analysis theoretical analysis data analysis mediation analysis moderated multiple regression logistic regression analysis meta analytic statistical analysis detailed analysis steers collectivistic culture collectivist Individualist culture individualistic culture collectivist Individualist culture cultures culture societal culture national culture corporate cultureq organizational culture employee turnover turnover employee turnover intentions turnover turnover behavior turnover turnover intentions turnover turnover intention turnover turnover data turnover rate turnover process turnover turnover decision turnover actual turnover turnover leaver group decision group decision making small group group size third group ethnic group difference group composition racial group minority group group cohesiveness group cohesion group membership group composition group outcome group effectiveness man group individual group member group member group product group productivity work group performance group effectiveness intact work group second group account economic performance dynamism earning ecology edge child